Sanatan Dharma, the oldest religion in the world, Hinduism. Hindu god
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INDEX
➡ ORIGINE
➡ CONCEPTS
➡ SCRIPTURES
➡ DEITIES
HINDU = The word Hindu is derived from Indo -Arya Sanskrit root Sindhu. It is believed that Hindu was used as the name for the Indus River in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent.
ORIGINS
Hinduism\Sanatan dharma includes a diversity of ideas on spirituality and traditions, but has no ecclesiastical order, no unquestionable religious authorities, no governing body, no prophet(s) not any binding holy book; Hindus can choose to be polytheistic, pantheistic, monotheistic, monistic, agnostic, atheistic or humanist.
➤ Because of the wide range of traditions and ideas covered by the term Hinduism, arriving at a comprehensive definition is difficult.
➤ It is not easy to define Hinduism, we can say that it is rooted in India, most Hindus revere a body of texts as sacred scripture known as the Veda. And most Hindus draw on a common system of values known as Dharma.
➤Hinduism is the world's oldest religion, according to many scholars, with roots and customs dating back more than 4,000 years.
➤Today, with about 900 million followers, Hinduism🕉 is the third-largest religion behind Christianity ✝ and ☪ Islam.
➤Roughly 95 percent of the world's s Hindus live in 🇮🇳 India. Because Religion has no specific founder, it's difficult to trace its origins and history.
➤Hinduism is unique in that it's not a single religion but a compilation of many traditions and philosophies.
➤Most Of the scholars believe Hinduism started somewhere between 2300BCE and 1500B.C.E.in the Indus Valley, near modern-day Pakistan. But many Hindus argue that their faith is timeless and has always existed.
➤Unlike other religions, Hinduism has no one founder but is instead a fusion of various beliefs.
➤The period when the Vedas we're composed became known as the "Vedic period" and lasted from about 1500 B.C.E. to 500 B.C.E. Rituals, such as sacrifices and chanting, were common in the Vedic period.
➤ The Epic, Puranic, and classic periods took place between 500 B.C.E.& 500 A.D.Hindus began to emphasise the worship of deities, especially Vishnu, Shiva, and Devi.
➤Hinduism characterized Sanatan Dharma or Eternal Religion ( 300B.B.C.E TO 1500B.C.E.) DURING THE HARAPPAN civilizations.
Features of Hinduism
Certain Fundamentals
1. Not any sacred Text.
2. Not any single prophet.
3. Not any definite priest class.
4. No compulsory beliefs or rites of worship.
CONCEPTS 🕉
➤Hinduism contains a broad range of Philosophes, cosmology, and pilgrimage
To sacred sites.
➤ Hindu texts are classified into Shruti("heard") and Smriti ("remembered ").
These texts discuss theology, philosophy, mythology, Vedic yajna, Yoga agamic,
and temple building. Major scriptures include the Vedas and Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita.
➤The concept of Dharma was Introduction in new texts, and other faith, such as Buddhism and Jainism, spread rapidly.
➤ Hinduism believes that existence is a cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, governed by Karma.
➤ BRAHMAN - Brahman is a Sanskrit word that refers to a transcendent power beyond the universe. As such it is sometimes translated as 'God' although the two concepts are not identical. Brahman is the power that upholds and supports everything. Most Hindus agree that Brahman pervades everything although they do not worship Brahaman. Some Hindus regard a particular deity or deities as manifestations of Brahman.
➤DHARMA It means 'duty', 'Virtue', 'morality',' even 'religion' and it refers to the power which upholds the universe and society. Dharma is the power that maintains society, it makes the grass grow. The sun shines and makes us moral people or rather allows humans to act virtuously.
➤But acting virtuously does not mean precisely the same for everyone; Different people have different obligations duties according to their age, gender, and social position. Each person, therefore, has their own known as sva-dharma.
The importance of SAV-dharma is illustrated well by the Bhagavad Gita.
➤ GURU The terms guru and acharya refer to a teacher or master of a tradition. The basic meaning is of a teacher who teaches through example and conveys knowledge and wisdom to his disciples.
CLASSES OF VARNA
Brahman's or Brahmins ➡ The intellectuals and the priestly class who perform religious rituals.
STAGES OF LIFE
➤Brahmacarya - ' Celibate student' stage in which males learned the Veda.
➤ Grihastha - 'householder' in which the twice-born male can experience the human purposes (purushartha)of responsibility.
➤Vanaprastha - In which the twice-born male tires from life in the world to take up pilgrimage along with his wife.
➡ Sannyasa - ' renunciation' in which the twice-born give up the world, takes on a saffron robe, or, in some sects, go naked, with a bowl and a staff to seek moksha (liberation) or develop devotion.
SCRIPTURES
➤These are the most ancient religious texts which define truth for Hindus.
➤ Hindus believe that the texts were received by scholars direct from God and passed on to the next generations by word of mouth.
➤Vedic texts are sometimes called shruti, which means hearing.
CONTENT OF THE VEDAS
SAMHITA
📖 Rig-Veda Samhita (1200BCE) is the oldest of the four Vedas and consists of 1028 hymns praising the ancient gods.
📖 Yajur-Veda - Samhita is used as a handbook by priests performing the Vedic sacrifices.
📖 Sam-Veda - Samhita consists of chants and tunes for singing at the sacrifices.
📖 Atharva-Veda - Samhita (c.900BCE) preserves many traditions which pre-date the Aryan influence and consists of spells, charms, and magical formulae.
UPANISHAD
➤The Upanishads we're so-called because they were taught to those who sat down beside their teachers. (upa=near, ni=down, shad=sit).
➤The major Upanishads we're largely composed of between 800-200BCE and are partly prose, party verse.
➤Later Upanishads continued to be composed right down to the 16th century.
Originally they were in oral form.
➤Central to the Upanishads is the concept of Brahman; the sacred power which informs reality.
SHRI BHAGWAT GEETA
➤The Bhagavad Gita, or " song of the Lord" is part of the sixth book of the Mahabharata, the world's longest poem.
➤Composed between 500BCE. and 100 CE. the Mahabharata is an account of the wars of the house of Bharata.
➤The Bhagavad Gita Takes the form of a dialogue between prince Arjuna and Krishna, his charioteer.
➤Arjuna is a warrior, about to join his brother in a war between two branches of a royal family which would involve killing many of his friends and relatives. He wants to withdraw from the battle but Krishna teaches him that he, Arjuna, must do his duty in accordance with his class and he argues that death does not destroy the soul.
RAMAYANA
➤Composed in the same period, The Ramayana is one of Indians' best know tales.
➤ it tells the story of Prince Rama who was sent into exile in the forest with his wife, Sita, and his brother, Lakshaman.
➤ Sita was abducted by the evil demon Ravana but ultimately rescued by Prince Rama with the help of the Monkey God, Hanuman.
➤The story is written in 24,000 couplets.
➤ The symbolism of the story has been widely interpreted but is the story of good overcoming evil. Many people have said that it is a story about Dharma or duty.
DEITIES
➤ Brahma is the first good in the Hindu triumvirate, or Trimurti. The triumvirate consists of three gods who are responsible for the creation, upkeep, and destruction of the world. The other two gods are Vishnu and shiva.
➤Vishnu is the persevere of the universe, while shiva's role is to destroy it to re-create.
Brahma's job was the creation of the world and all creatures.
➤BRAHMA:- Brahma is the first good in the Hindu triumvirate, or Trimurti.
Brahma's job was the creation of the world and all creatures.
His name should not be confused with Brahman, who is the supreme God force present within all things.
Brahma is the least worshipped God in Hinduism today.
There are only two times in the whole of India devoted to him, compared with the many thousands devoted to the other two.
VISHNU
➤Vishnu is the second god in the Hindu triumvirate(or Trimurti). The triumvirate consists of three gods who are responsible for the creation, upkeep, and destruction of the world. The other two gods are Brahma and shiva.
➤so far, he has been incarnated nine-time, but Hindus believe that he will be reincarnated one last time close to the end of this world.
➤Tow of Vishnu's incarnations, Rama and Krishna, is also the subject of the epic stories Ramayana and Mahabharata, respectively.
SHIVA
➤Brahma is the creator of the Universe while Vishnu is the preserver of it. Shiva's role is to destroy the universe to re-create it.
➤shiva is known to have untamed passion, which leads him to extremes in behavior. Sometimes he is an ascetic, abstaining from all worldly pleasures.
➤It is shiva's relationship with his wife, Parvati which brings him to balance. Their union allows him to be an ascetic and a lover but within the bounds of marriage.
LAKSHMI
➤The Lakshmi is the consort of the God Vishnu she is one of the most popular goddesses of Hindu mythology and is known as the goddess of wealth and purity.
➤ Lakshmi is commonly portrayed as a beautiful woman with four arms, standing on a lotus flower. There is usually one, or something two 🐘 elephants behind her, anointing her with water. She is often depicted sitting beneath Vishnu, massaging his feet.
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